The prevalence of Type 2 diabetes It has increased significantly throughout the world in the last 30 years, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), which is partly associated with the high obesity indices, since excess weight is one of the main risk factors to develop insulin resistance and diabetes.
A research team led by scientists from the Institut D’Estadció Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), the Marine Hospital Research Institute and the Associated Metabolic Diseases and Metabolic Diseases of the CIBER (CIBERDEM) has now identified two compounds present in the blood – the butyrate and the isobutirate– They could act as Precoccators of the development of type 2 diabetes In seemingly healthy people.
These compounds are Short chain fatty acids (SCFA) produced by dietary fiber fermentation in the intestine. The work has been published in the scientific journal BMC Medicine and is based on the longitudinal analysis of more than 2,400 participants of the state project di@bet.es over seven years.
How the type of diet influences the intestinal microbiota
Joan VendrellClinical Coordinator of the Cyberdem Research Group at the IISPV, explains that “this study provides new evidence on the association between SCFA and the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.” “Interestingly, high levels of butyrate and isobutirate at the beginning of the study were associated with a greater probability of developing type 2 diabetes, even after adjusting by classical risk factors such as obesity, blood pressure or family history,” he adds Gemma Llauradóalso researcher at the study and attachment of the Endocrinology and Nutrition Service of the Mar. Hospital.
The study also included the analysis of the dietary patterns of the participants through a questionnaire in which they referred to the frequency with which they consumed food. “It was observed that follow one Mediterranean diet or consume fiber -rich foods It is associated with higher levels of SCFA. Even so, these habits did not demonstrate, by themselves, sufficient predictive capacity on the development of diabetes, ”says the researcher Sonia Fernández-VecedoResponsible for the Cyberdem Research Group at the IISPV.
“High levels of butyrate and isobutirate at the beginning of the study were associated with a greater probability of developing type 2 diabetes, even after adjusting by risk factors”
The research team emphasizes that a fiber diet continues to be essential to preserve the balance of intestinal microbiota, a key factor in metabolic regulation and inflammatory response. In this sense, the work points out that the SCFA could act as signaling molecules with a determining role in these physiological processes.
This discovery opens the door to new more efficient and personalized prevention strategies, based on the analysis of the individual metabolic and microbiotic profile. The authors of the study indicate the need to deepen research to better understand the interaction between these metabolites and the organism, and how can be incorporated into clinical protocols for Early detect the risk of type 2 diabetes.
Source: Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases of CIBER (CIBERDEM)
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